Insights
Techpuvi Notes.
Engineering, AI, and the work of building software that lasts.
Surgical Precision: How We Rescue Legacy Codebases
Legacy code rescue is a different discipline from greenfield. Here's the surgical approach we use, stabilize, observe, then improve, without the heroic rewrite that always fails.
PMS Modernization: Legacy to Cloud-Native
Hotel Property Management Systems are operational nervous systems. Modernizing without disrupting operations is the challenge. Here's the realistic path.
Lead Scoring for PropTech: AI Patterns That Actually Convert
Lead scoring for real estate is different from B2B. Here's what works, and what's just engagement theater dressed as AI.
EdTech Analytics: Outcomes-Driven Dashboards
EdTech analytics overwhelmingly measures engagement. Engagement isn't learning. Here's how to build outcomes-driven dashboards that actually inform improvement.
Virtual Tours Integration: Matterport vs Custom
Virtual tours are now expected in real estate. Build custom or integrate Matterport? Here's the trade-off.
Assessment Platforms: Proctoring, Integrity, and Anti-Cheat
Online assessment platforms face the cheating problem at scale. Here's the technology stack, proctoring, integrity signals, anti-cheat, that works.
Digital Twins for Manufacturing: What's Real, What's Research
Digital twins are pitched as transformative. The reality varies hugely by use case. Here's the working manufacturer's view of what's deployable today.
AI Tutors in EdTech: What's Possible, What's Hype
AI tutors are everywhere in pitches; the production reality is more nuanced. Here's what's working, what's research-stage, and how to evaluate.
Ticketing Platforms That Survive Flash Sales
When a major sports final goes on sale, traffic spikes 1000x. Most ticketing platforms crash. Here's the architecture that doesn't.
Adaptive Learning Algorithms: What Actually Works
Adaptive learning is a buzzword that covers several real algorithms. Here's the honest view, what works, what's hype, and how to build adaptive features that improve outcomes.
Athlete Performance Analytics: Data Pipelines for Clubs and Federations
Athlete performance analytics combines wearable data, video, manual observations into insights coaches actually use. Here's the data pipeline architecture.
AI for Editorial Workflows: Transcription, Tagging, Summarization (Done Safely)
AI in editorial is everywhere, and often misused. Here's what works (transcription, tagging, summarization) and what fails (auto-generated journalism), and how to ship safely.
Route Optimization at Scale: Algorithms vs ML Approaches
Route optimization is a classical algorithm problem with modern ML twists. Here's where each approach wins, and how to architect at scale.
Building Paywall Systems That Actually Convert
Paywalls live or die on conversion psychology, not just engineering. Here's how to design paywalls, hard, soft, metered, hybrid, that convert without alienating readers.
The 'AI-First' Label Is Overused. Here's What It Should Actually Mean.
Every agency calls itself AI-first now. Most aren't. Here's the actual operational difference between AI-first and AI-bolted-on.
Modular Monolith Over Microservices: A SaaS Architecture Pattern
Most SaaS that adopt microservices regret it within 2 years. Modular monolith is the better default. Here's why, and what it looks like in practice.
Multi-Cloud Is Almost Always a Mistake (And the Rare Exceptions)
Multi-cloud sounds enterprise. Mostly it's a way to be mediocre on two clouds instead of excellent on one. The exceptions are real but specific.
PostgreSQL vs MongoDB for Multi-Tenant SaaS in 2026
The PostgreSQL vs MongoDB debate, revisited for 2026. Where each wins for multi-tenant SaaS, what's changed, and which to start with.
Threat Modeling AI Features: The 12 Questions We Ask Before Shipping
AI features have a different threat surface from regular software. Here are the 12 questions we work through before shipping any LLM-powered feature.
Driver App UX: Patterns That Work in Rural India
Rural India drivers operate in network-poor, low-literacy, multi-lingual conditions. Here's what driver app UX needs to do to actually work for them.
The State of ONDC: 6 Months Later, What's Actually Working
ONDC has been live for several years; the six-month snapshot is overdue. Which categories work, which don't, where the volume is, and what's coming.
Agent CRM for Indian Real Estate: Features That Actually Get Used
Many real estate CRMs ship features that look great in demos but get ignored in daily work. Here's what brokers actually use, and what to build.
Hybrid Cloud Architecture for Indian Government Workloads
Government workloads often need both cloud agility and on-prem data residency. Here's the hybrid cloud pattern that fits MeghRaj + commercial cloud + on-prem requirements.
IoT Platforms for Indian Manufacturing: Build vs Buy
Connected factories need IoT platforms. Should you build or buy? Here's the framework for the decision, with India-specific considerations.
Building Accessible Government Services: WCAG 2.2 + GIGW Combined
Accessibility for government services is not optional. Here's how to build to WCAG 2.2 AA + GIGW 3.0 standards, with practical patterns and testing approaches.
Hiring Senior Engineers in India: What We Actually Look For
Indian engineering hiring is broken in obvious ways. Here's what we look for in senior engineers, and how we screen, that has worked for us.
Real Core Web Vitals Scores: We Tested 50 Indian Websites
Original data: LCP, CLS, INP across 50 Indian sites in eCommerce, news, fintech, and SaaS. What's actually achievable, and what most teams get wrong.
Channel Manager Architecture: Booking, Expedia, MakeMyTrip Integration
Channel managers sync hotel inventory and pricing across many OTAs. Here's the integration architecture that handles real volume.
MES/SCADA Integration Patterns for Connected Factories
MES and SCADA are the brain and nervous system of the factory. Integrating them with modern cloud and AI is non-trivial. Here's the working pattern.
Building Listing Platforms That Rank: SEO Architecture for Real Estate
Real estate listing platforms live on SEO. Here's the architecture that wins, URL structure, structured data, content depth, performance.
Predictive Maintenance with AI: 5 Real-World Patterns
Predictive maintenance is one of the most-cited industrial AI use cases. Here are 5 patterns we've shipped, what works, what doesn't, and what's still research.
OTT Sports Broadcast: Video Delivery Infrastructure
OTT sports broadcast at India scale combines live streaming, DRM, multi-bitrate, payments, and concurrency. Here's the infrastructure breakdown.
LMS Architecture: K-12 vs Higher Ed Key Differences
K-12 and higher ed LMSs look similar but solve different problems. Here's what changes in the architecture, UX, and integration patterns between them.
Live Scoring Architecture: Handling Million-Viewer Concurrency
Live scoring is hard at small scale; it's brutal at million-viewer scale. Here's the architecture that holds up, events, fanout, leaderboards, edge.
WMS Integration Patterns: Connecting Carriers, OMS, and Inventory
Warehouse Management Systems sit in the middle of fulfillment. Here's the integration pattern that connects WMS to carriers, OMS, and inventory cleanly.
Ad-Tech Integration: Header Bidding, GAM, and Programmatic
Ad-tech is where publishers earn their margin. Here's the integration view, header bidding, GAM, programmatic, and the patterns that maximize yield without breaking performance.
Last-Mile Delivery App Architecture: 5 Patterns We've Shipped
Last-mile delivery apps look simple but contain real engineering complexity. Here are 5 architectural patterns we've shipped that survive real operations.
Editorial CMS Architecture: Lessons from Large Newsrooms
Editorial CMSs are different beasts from marketing CMSs. Here's the architecture that handles editorial workflow at newsroom scale.
Search Ranking for eCommerce: When Algolia Is Overkill
Algolia is great. Algolia is also expensive. Here's when Algolia is overkill and what cheaper search options actually deliver.
Customer Success Software for SaaS: What to Build, What to Buy
Customer success software is increasingly central for B2B SaaS. Here's the decision framework for what to build vs buy across the CS stack.
The D2C Brand Stack 2026: Storefront, OMS, Fulfillment, Analytics
Building a D2C brand in 2026? Here's the stack, every layer, the leading options, build vs buy at each layer, and how it fits together.
Patient Onboarding UX: Lessons from Clinical App Deployments
Clinical app onboarding has higher stakes than consumer apps, accuracy matters, accessibility matters, trust matters. Here are the patterns that work.
KYC Drop-off Optimization: How to Reduce Abandonment by 40%
KYC drop-off is the single largest conversion leak in Indian fintech. Here's the field-tested playbook for reducing abandonment by 30-40%.
Building Offline-First React Native Apps That Don't Break Sync
Offline-first is harder than it looks. Here's the architecture pattern, local-first data, queue-and-sync, conflict resolution, that survives real usage.
Quality Is Not a Phase. It's an Architecture Decision.
Why testing-at-the-end always fails. The architectural choices that bake quality in, and the ones that guarantee it stays out.
Why Most AI Integration Projects Fail in the First 90 Days
We've seen this pattern a dozen times. Here's what goes wrong, in order, and the evals-first approach that fixes it.
The Hidden Cost of 'Free' Authentication Providers
Auth0, Clerk, WorkOS, Firebase Auth, their pricing curves get steep fast. Here's what they actually cost at scale, and when to switch.
FHIR vs HL7: Which Healthcare Interoperability Standard to Choose
Two healthcare data standards, often conflated. Here's what they actually are, where each fits, and how to choose for a modern build.
We Migrated from Vercel to Cloudflare Pages. Real Cost Breakdown.
Why we moved, what broke, what got better, and the real monthly bill on both sides. A migration retrospective for teams considering the switch.
Dynamic Pricing for Hotels: Algorithms with Operator Override
Dynamic pricing for hotels combines demand signals, competitor rates, historical data. Here's the algorithm + operator-override design that actually works.
Live Streaming Infrastructure for Indian Media: A Cost-Aware Guide
Live streaming at India scale is expensive if you don't architect it right. Here's the cost-aware infrastructure guide, CDN, transcoding, DRM, edge.
Aadhaar Integration Patterns for Government Services
Aadhaar integration in software has its own patterns. OKYC, eKYC, Authentication, Offline Aadhaar, what each enables, how to integrate safely, and what UIDAI expects.
Building an Internal Developer Platform (IDP): A 90-Day Playbook
Platform engineering is the new DevOps. Here's the 90-day playbook for building an internal developer platform that actually accelerates your engineering team.
Return Management Software for Indian eCommerce: Build vs Buy
Returns eat into D2C and marketplace economics in India. Here's the return management stack decision, what to build, what to buy, and how to reduce return rates.
ABHA-Based Patient Identity: A Developer's Integration Guide
ABHA is becoming the default patient identity in Indian healthcare. Here's the developer's view, how to integrate ABHA-based identity into your app, what the trade-offs are.
Personalization for Indian eCommerce: What Actually Lifts AOV
Most personalization features ship without measurable AOV impact. Here's what actually works for Indian eCommerce, and what to skip.
AI for Radiology in India: Current State and What to Build
AI radiology in India is moving from research to clinic-ready. Here's an honest snapshot, what's working, what's not, regulatory state, and what to actually build.
We Tested Every Indian Payment Gateway. Here's Our Honest Take.
Razorpay vs Cashfree vs PayU vs Stripe India vs PhonePe Business, tested across UPI conversion, refund speed, dispute handling, and developer experience.
Building for Bharat: What We Learned Shipping to Tier-2 India Users
Tier-2 and tier-3 India is a different operating environment than tier-1. Network, language, payment, UX patterns, what changes, and how to build for it.
RERA Compliance in Software: Disclosure Tracking and Escrow Integration
RERA reshaped Indian real estate. Software supporting RERA workflows has specific compliance requirements. Here's what they are.
STQC and CERT-In Audits: What Your Platform Must Pass
STQC and CERT-In audits are the gates for government and regulated digital services. Here's what they evaluate, how to prepare, and what to fix before they arrive.
Neobanking Infrastructure in India: BaaS Providers Compared
Building a neobank in India means partnering with a regulated bank via BaaS. Here's an honest comparison of the major players, what they enable, what they don't, and how to choose.
The Post-Launch SaaS Checklist: 30 Things Most Teams Skip
You launched. Now the real work begins. Here are 30 things SaaS teams skip post-launch that come back to haunt them, and what to do instead.
Fraud Detection Patterns in Indian Fintech: 7 We've Shipped
Seven concrete fraud patterns we've built across lending, payments, and KYC products in India, what each looks like, what we use to catch it, and what the eval rubric is.
Hospital Management System (HMS): Build vs Buy in 2026
Should your hospital chain build its own HMS or buy one? Here's the framework for deciding, what build means, what buy means, and where each one fails.
Building a UPI-First Lending App: Architecture from KYC to Disbursal
A complete architecture walkthrough for a UPI-first lending app, KYC, underwriting, disbursal, repayment, recovery. Designed for India's regulatory realities.
GST Integration for SaaS: A Complete Developer Guide
Indian SaaS invoicing has its own rules. Here's the developer's guide to GST integration, GSTIN validation, e-invoicing, IRN, B2B vs B2C, and reverse charge.
Headless Commerce: Shopify Hydrogen vs Next.js Commerce vs Custom
Three architectures for modern commerce, compared by where they win. Real trade-offs, not marketing pitches.
How We Keep Kubernetes Costs Under ₹50K/Month for Early-Stage SaaS
Kubernetes doesn't have to be expensive. Here's the stack and practices we use to keep production K8s costs under ₹50K monthly for early-stage Indian SaaS.
Direct Booking Systems That Beat OTAs on Conversion
Hotels lose 15-25% margin to OTAs. Direct booking is the antidote, if your direct site converts. Here's what actually moves the conversion needle.
Fantasy Sports Platforms in India: Regulatory and Technical Primer
Fantasy sports in India sits at a unique regulatory + technical intersection. Here's the primer, state-by-state legal landscape, technical architecture, and how to build.
Building a TMS (Transportation Management System) from Scratch: Architecture Decisions
A TMS is a core operational system. Building one from scratch is non-trivial. Here's the architecture walkthrough, modules, integrations, data model, scaling considerations.
B2B SaaS Pricing for Indian Companies Selling Globally
Indian SaaS selling to global customers face a pricing puzzle. Here's how to think about it, currency, willingness to pay, freemium choices, and the patterns that work.
ERP Modernization Roadmap: SAP/Oracle to a Modern Stack
Legacy ERP is the operating system of most large manufacturers. Modernizing without disrupting operations is the real challenge. Here's the realistic roadmap.
GIGW 3.0 Compliance for Citizen Portals: A Developer's Checklist
GIGW 3.0 is the design and accessibility standard for Indian government websites. Here's the developer's compliance checklist, what to implement, how to test, how to evidence.
Sale-Day Scaling: How We Handle 100x Traffic Spikes
Sale days, Big Billion, BBD, GOSF, break unprepared eCommerce platforms. Here's the architecture and operational playbook we use to handle 100x normal traffic without melting.
Account Aggregator Integration for Fintech: The Developer's Playbook
AA is now mandatory infrastructure for Indian fintech. Here's the developer's view, architecture, sandbox onboarding, consent flow, FIU/FIP roles, and the gotchas no one warns you about.
Building HIPAA-Compliant Telehealth Platforms in India
Indian telehealth selling into US healthcare needs HIPAA. Here's the technical architecture, controls, BAAs, data residency, audit logs, that actually passes HIPAA.
UPI Integration in Your App: The 2026 Technical Guide
UPI is the rails of Indian payments. Here's what every developer needs to know about integrating UPI into a mobile or web app, flows, SDKs, edge cases, and the differences between collect, intent, and AutoPay.
ONDC Integration for Sellers: A Developer's Primer
ONDC is the open commerce network India is betting on. Here's what it actually is, how the buyer/seller architecture works, and what your engineering team needs to know before integrating.
DPDP Act for Developers: The Engineering Controls You Actually Need
The compliance checklist post covered policies. This one covers code. The actual functions, tables, APIs, and infrastructure you must build.
RBI Digital Lending Guidelines: What Your Software Must Comply With
The RBI's digital lending guidelines aren't legal trivia, they're architectural requirements. Here's what your software must implement, with concrete patterns.
SOC 2 Readiness for Indian SaaS: A Step-by-Step Guide
Indian SaaS founders are scrambling for SOC 2 to sell into the US. Here's what the engineering controls actually look like, encryption, IAM hygiene, logging, vendor management, and what to ship first.
We Benchmarked 5 LLMs on Indian Medical Record Extraction
Original benchmark: 5 frontier and open-source models extracting structured fields from real Indian medical records. Accuracy, cost, latency, and which model wins for what.
Multi-Tenant SaaS on Postgres: RLS vs Schema-per-Tenant
Two architectures, real benchmarks, and a decision framework for which one to pick. We've shipped both, here's when each wins.
How Much Does Mobile App Development Cost in India? (Real 2026 Numbers)
Honest ranges by app type, simple, mid, complex, and the variables that actually drive cost. Written for founders evaluating quotes, not for SEO.
ABDM Integration Explained: ABHA, HIE/CM, HFR, HPR for Developers
A developer's guide to the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission stack, ABHA addresses, the Health Information Exchange and Consent Manager, the Health Facility and Healthcare Professional Registries, and how to integrate them safely.
How to Choose a Fintech App Development Partner in India (2026 Guide)
A checklist for evaluating fintech development partners in India, RBI experience, DPDP readiness, KYC depth, post-launch retainer model, code ownership, and the questions that separate real builders from agencies that pretend.
DPDP Act Compliance Checklist for Indian SaaS Companies
The DPDP Act is now in force. Here's the practical engineering checklist, consent flows, deletion APIs, DPO documentation, and breach notification, that Indian SaaS teams can actually ship.